Legend:
 Definition  Field
Listing  Rank Order
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Background:
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Uganda
achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime
of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some
300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under
Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives.
During the 1990s, the government promulgated non-party
presidential and legislative elections. |
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Location:
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Eastern Africa, west of Kenya |
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Geographic coordinates:
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1 00 N, 32 00 E |
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total: 236,040 sq km
land: 199,710 sq km
water: 36,330 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Oregon |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km,
Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast |
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Terrain:
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mostly plateau with rim of mountains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m |
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Natural resources:
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copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 25.88%
permanent crops: 10.65%
other: 63.47% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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90 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake
Victoria; poaching is widespread |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and
rivers
|
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Population:
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26,404,543
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into
account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can
result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death
rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the
distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be
expected (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 50.6% (male 6,696,193; female 6,653,764)
15-64 years: 47.1% (male 6,199,732; female 6,233,678)
65 years and over: 2.4% (male 269,990; female 351,186)
(2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 14.8 years
male: 14.7 years
female: 14.9 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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2.97% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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46.31 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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16.61 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 2001, Uganda
was host to 178,815 refugees from a number of neighboring
countries, including: Sudan 155,996, Rwanda 14,375, and Democratic
Republic of the Congo 7,459 (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 86.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 93.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 78.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 45.28 years
male: 43.76 years
female: 46.83 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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6.64 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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4.1% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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600,000 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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84,000 (2001 est.) |
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Major infectious diseases:
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typhoid fever, malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis
overall degree of risk: very high (2004) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan |
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Ethnic groups:
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Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%,
Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro
3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%,
Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs
18% |
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Languages:
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English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used
in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the
capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 69.9%
male: 79.5%
female: 60.4% (2003 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form: Uganda |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Kampala |
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Administrative divisions:
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56 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi,
Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido,
Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese,
Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi,
Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara,
Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakasongola,
Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule,
Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe |
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Independence:
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9 October 1962 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 9 October (1962) |
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Constitution:
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8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent
Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had
been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved
upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995 |
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Legal system:
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in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on
English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI
(since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is
both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta
MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister
Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both
chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists
the president in the supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among
elected legislators
elections: president reelected by popular vote for a
five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held
NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since
independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by
the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected
president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI
69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8% |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly (303 members - 214 directly elected
by popular vote, 81 nominated by legally established special
interest groups [women 56, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5],
8 ex officio members; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 26 June 2001 (next to be held May or
June 2006);
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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only one political organization, the Movement (formerly the
NRM)[President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate
unfettered; note - the president maintains that the Movement is
not a political party, but a mass organization, which claims the
loyalty of all Ugandans
note: the constitution requires the suspension of political
parties while the Movement organization is in governance; of the
political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring
candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress
or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE];
Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad
Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Popular Resistance Against a Life President or PRALP |
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International organization participation:
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ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA
chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Jimmy KOLKER
embassy: 1577 Ggaba Rd., Kampala
mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone: [256] (41) 234-142
FAX: [256] (41) 258-451 |
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Flag description:
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six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black,
yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and
depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist
side
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Economy - overview:
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Uganda has
substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular
rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt.
Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing
over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export
revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign
countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate
and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising
producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum
products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes
are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting
production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy
turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the
rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for
production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved
domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan
entrepreneurs. Corruption within the government and slippage in
the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about
the continuation of strong growth. In 2000, Uganda
qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt
relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145
million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief
added up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001-02 was solid despite
continued decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's
principal export. Solid growth in 2003 reflected an upturn in Uganda's
export markets. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $36.1 billion (2004 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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4.4% (2004 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2004 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 36.1%
industry: 21.2%
services: 42.8% (2004 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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20.3% of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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35% (2001 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 21% (2000) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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37.4 (1996) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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7.9% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force:
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12.09 million (2004 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA (2002 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $1.123 billion
expenditures: $1.433 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (FY98/99 est.) (2004 est.) |
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Public debt:
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62.2% of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn,
millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry, cut flowers |
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Industries:
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sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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5% (2004 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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1.928 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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1.62 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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174 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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1 million kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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8,750 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Current account balance:
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$-237 million (2004 est.) |
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Exports:
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$495 million f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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coffee, fish and fish products, tea; gold, cotton, flowers,
horticultural products |
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Exports - partners:
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Kenya 14.7%, Switzerland 13.7%, Netherlands 9.2%, UK 6.4%, South
Africa 5.6% (2003) |
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Imports:
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$1.179 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals |
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Imports - partners:
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Kenya 26%, India 7.4%, South Africa 7.2%, Japan 6.6%, UK 6.3%, UAE
5.8%, US 5.7%, China 5.1% (2003) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
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$1.08 billion (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$3.818 billion (2004 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$1.4 billion (2000) |
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Currency:
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Ugandan shilling (UGX) |
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Currency code:
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UGX |
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Exchange rates:
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Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,963.72 (2003), 1,797.55
(2002), 1,755.66 (2001), 1,644.48 (2000), 1,454.83 (1999) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 July - 30 June
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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61,000 (2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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776,200 (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: seriously inadequate; two cellular
systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number
of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are
available
domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay,
and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile
cellular systems for short-range traffic
international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations
- 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to
Kenya and Tanzania |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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8 (plus one low-power repeater) (2001) |
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Internet country code:
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.ug |
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Internet hosts:
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2,692 (2004) |
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Internet users:
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125,000 (2003)
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Railways:
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total: 1,241 km
narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) |
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Highways:
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total: 27,000 km
paved: 1,809 km
unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.) |
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Waterways:
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300 km (on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and
parts of Albert Nile) (2004 est.) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,091 GRT/5,943 DWT
by type: roll on/roll off 3 (2003 est.) |
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Airports:
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27 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 4
over 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 23
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 7 (2003 est.)
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